Star+Gazing

Who? What? Why?

=**__Unit 1__** =
 * 1) Leonardo da Vinci (pg. 158): a painter, sculptor, architect, inventor, and mathematician; painted the Mona Lisa in 1505
 * 2) Martin Luther (pg. 156): from Germany, his break with the Roman Catholic Church at the beginning of the sixteenth century led to the Protestant Reformation and a new era in the history of Christianity
 * 3) Henry VIII (pg. 179): had six wives; father of Queen Elizabeth I; obtain annulment of his marriage to Catherine so he could marry Anne Bolelyn
 * 4) Johannes Gutenberg (pg. 162): inventor of the printing press; Gutenberg's Bible was the first European book produced from movable type
 * 5) Niccolo Machiavelli (pg. 160): His book //The Prince// is one of the most influential works on political power in the Western world
 * 6) John Calvin (pg. 178): succeeded Zwingli and Luther; his emphasis on the all-powerful nature of God led him to the idea of predestination
 * 7) Geoffrey Chaucer (pg. 165): helped make vernacular literature more popular; author of //Canterbury Tales//
 * 8) Michelangelo (pg. 168): an accomplished painter, sculptor, and architect; another master of the High Renaissance; painted the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel
 * 9) Queen Elizabeth I (pg. ): daughter of Anne Bolelyn and Henry VIII; brought fair balance to religion in England
 * 10) Pope Urban II (pg. 123): responded to request made by Byzantine emperor Alexius I asking for help against the Seljuk Turks, who were Muslims; called for Christians to liberate (regain) Jerusalem and the Holy Land (Palestine) from the infidels or unbelievers--the Muslims
 * 11) Edward VI (pg. 179): son of Henry VIII and his third wife; was a sickly nine-year-old when he succeeded his father; moved the Anglican Church in a Protestant direction
 * 12) Joan of Arc (pg. 138): a simple peasant girl who helped the French armies end the 100 Years War