Window+Seat



Vocabulary

===Here you will discover what our vocabulary words are for the current unit. The Unit in BLUE is the current unit. ===

__**Unit One**__


 * 1) Crusades (pg. 123): military expedition carried out by European Christians in the Middle Ages to regain the Holy Land from the Muslims
 * 2) Magna Carta (pg. 120): the “Great Charter” of rights, which King John was forced to sign by the English nobles at Runnymeade in 1215
 * 3) Black Death (pg. 137): Bubonic plague was the most common form of the Black Death. It was spread by black rats infested with fleas carrying a deadly bacterium.
 * 4) Feudalism (pg. 118): political and social system that developed during the Middle Ages, when royal governments were no longer able to defend their subjects; nobles offered protection and land in return for service
 * 5) Serfs (pg. 131): in medieval Europe, a peasant legally bound to the land who had to provide labor services, pay rents, and be subject to the lord’s control
 * 6) Commercial Capitalism (pg. 131, 274): economic system in which people invest in trade or goods to make profits
 * 7) Renaissance (pg. 157): a period of European history that began in Italy and spread to the rest of Europe
 * 8) Vernacular (pg. 165): the language spoken in their own regions, such as Italian, French, or German
 * 9) Secular (pg. 157): worldly
 * 10) Fresco (pg. 166): a painting done on fresh, wet plaster with waterbased paints
 * 11) Humanism (pg. 164): an intellectual movement of the Renaissance based on the study of the humanities, which included grammar, rhetoric, poetry, moral philosophy, and history
 * 12) <span style="color: #1a1adb; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 140%;">Protestant Reformation (pg. 171): the name given to the religious reform movement that divided the western Church into Catholic and Protestant groups
 * 13) <span style="color: #1a1adb; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 140%;">Annul (pg. 179): declare invalid
 * 14) <span style="color: #1a1adb; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 140%;">Mercenary (pg. 159): a soldier who sells his services to the highest bidder
 * 15) <span style="color: #1a1adb; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 140%;">Indulgences (pg. 173): a release from all or part of punishment for sin by the Catholic Church, reducing time in purgatory after death
 * 16) <span style="color: #1a1adb; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 140%;">Dowry (pg. 163): a gift of money or property paid at the time of marriage, either by the bride’s parents to her husband or, in Islamic societies, by a husband to his wife
 * 17) <span style="color: #1a1adb; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 140%;">Urban society (pg. 157): a system in which cities are the center of political, economic, and social life
 * 18) <span style="color: #1a1adb; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 140%;">Predestination (pg. 178): the belief that God has determined in advance who will be saved (the elect) and who will be damned (the reprobate)